valery legasov tapes transcript

Our Institute was not part of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building. It must be mentioned that Ukrainian comrades initially came up with a plan to create a bypass canal that would divert all the water from the Pripyat river away from the Dnieper sea. While constructing the sarcophagus (it is still under construction), we solved the problem of how to close the gaps. He was a man of courage, understanding everything, but at the same time defenseless. The army divisions, together with the organizations of Ministry of Medium Machine Building, were cleaning the roofs of the building where the 3rd and 4th blocks of the Chernobyl NPP were. Subsequently, there were a few days of active emission of radioactive particles, fuel, mainly due to the graphite burning. And very organized work at hbo actor david goodsell, valery legasov tapes transcript for candidate for speaking with unlicensed spectrum that, chernobyl nuclear power engineering commission, he is activated physicians as it. These questions were discussed with the director. This is its distinctive feature, if we're not speaking of complex technical aspects. That was accurate TASS information but along with it were many journalistic articles about specific battles, about specific people, about heroes at the home front, etc. Of course, we continuously gathered air samples on filters to measure the amounts and the dynamics of the radioactivity that was being exhaust. It is hard for me to say what is going on there. At this point, I want to say that, particularly in the initial period, considering the tragedy of the situation, considering such despair, I would say, considering the lack of technical means, lack of experience in handling such a large scale catastrophe, confusion and uncertainty could have easily arisen in decision making. The question arose about what to do with the 5th and 6th blocks. And this no-containment approach, from my point of view, is the principle and fundamental error of the Soviet nuclear energy; not even the Soviet nuclear energy because actually nuclear energy expertsI want to repeat once more, not everyone, not unanimously, but on quite a broad frontspoke against this type of reactor, both for reasons of safety and lack of containment which also is a safety issue. I see this as an obvious fact. It can be taken from my older works that we mostly use heat, radiation, today; but actually, it is possible to produce synthetic materials, to alloy, modify, remove impurities in nuclear sources more simply and more economically than is done today in, for example, chemical or metallurgical industry. Science, like art, does not tolerate intermediate links. I cannot leave unmentioned the huge role that Marshal Aganov played along with his engineering troops. My first candidate thesis was proposed to me, to tackle the problem of such a gas phase reactor that would contain gaseous uranium hexachloride as fuel and such problems, namely the problem of interaction at high temperatures of uranium hexachloride with construction materials. I witnessed all this, but it was hard for me to intervene in the process purely professionally while general declarations on this subject were received with hostility. A temperature at which a vapour-zirconium reaction could begin, accompanied by the generation of hydrogen was, in principle, unacceptable, be it routine work or technical conditions. But these are such personal things. While the first group would go to Moscow, on the site the second group would be led by the chairman of the Ministry Council Ivan Stepanovich Silaev. During this time, it was frightening to look at comrade Konvizhe was from Hydroproject and the chief engineer of the stationbecause he, I think, never slept, not for a minute. At that time, the entire protection system was copied, probably from [TAPE ERASED] that existed in the industrial reactors and was using accumulated military experience. Also, we didnt know the exact temperatures at various points of the destroyed Chernobyl reactor. Under the mandatory condition of the most rigorous compliance with all regulations and such. Legasov: Yes, it seems to be civilized. Risks could be taken in this work, and I did risk a lot. These are the same industrial reactors that the Americans have. This general downfall of Soviet technology, the reasons for which can be discussed extensively and for a long time, it was simultaneously the beginning of Chernobyl. But that will be tomorrow, and right now there isnt. Then the next most likely is Bulgaria, Kozloduy. Some supports were not strong enough and reinforcement was necessary. Thats why in the end, the most reliable method was to use radio-controlled bulldozers or just simple scraper bulldozers, our ordinary vehicles, cabins of which were reliably covered with lead to protect the driver. About nitrogen. The very number of nuclear stations, constantly increasing, simply from the most basic probability considerations, increases the risk of errors in the actions of personnel or failures in the operation of technical devices. This was an enormous task that required moving masses of people, creating the necessary control systems and quickly planning the logistics and work. The dropping of, say, sand, dolomite, clay started around the 28th. This harmonious work of the researchers and the designers, in the end, led to a reliable construction. But because I had been at the meeting dressed in my best suit, my best clothes, I left in the same clothes. But the fight against these dangers was being fought on a case-by-case basis. Around this time, the helicopter people found a very effective way of operating by setting up an observation post on the roof of the Pripyat party committee building. This is what I was passionately working on, mainly figuring out the dangers in sources of energy alternative to nuclear energy. When one looks at the chain of events, why someone acted in this way and another in that way and so on, it is impossible to point to a single culprit, an initiator of all the unpleasant events that led to the crime. Our main goal was to prevent 2,500 degrees there. That is why we chose SiO2, sand, which would perform the same function, that is, melting, flowing in the same way as dolomite; because magnesium oxide [sic] is a relatively good conductor of heat, the most conductive among all ceramics. But they were painfully lacking in good control systems and extremely poor in diagnostic systems. And that we are starting to research the cause of this phenomenon which, it needs to be said, is not clear to us. When we were just nearing Pripyat, about 8 to 10 kilometers from it, I was struck by the appearance of the sky. But apart from that, it was still and silent. After we had described the situation, the pivotal decisions were made. They worked very diligently, with great speed and efficiency. Then, by taking radiochemical measurements, we established that no short-lived iodium isotopes were being produced and hence the reactor was not operational and was in sub-critical state. And only when we had the containments, the stations being built for the last 5-6 years, the ones being designed now, and the ones that will be built, all are being built with containments. It was not in the design, but it was there and not shown in any of the drawings. No information was received about radiation-related injuries and this fact, while not conclusive, did calm us down somewhat. I was in the same car as the head of Kiev Oblast Executive Committee, Plyushch, who was also a part of the Government Commission. General Berdov, the head of the Ministry of internal affairs of the Republic, had to instate orders about which people could go inside the contaminated areas. And it still is the most common type of reactor in the world. The research part of the work was awarded the USSR State prize. Legasov: So, on that day and the following days, there was regular communication with Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov and Vladimir Ivanovich Dolgikh. There is another definite circumstance to it. It, in my opinion, is wrong. And everything around is clean. Because there are various ways that could lead to the addition of positive reactivity in such an uncontrollable reactor. This is what I want to tell you today. Legasov: About nitrogen. But there was no time. Also, there are, of course, specific culprits. He simply retired? This, in my opinion, was a defect in the communication system, firstly. Two years and one day after the disaster, Legasov took his own life, though not before recording a distillation of his side of the story onto five compact cassette tapes. There were considerable discussions. This may have been a truly random coincidence but this is really my direct speciality. For that concrete supply had to be organized. But it was from abroad, this telegram. This sums up our containment efforts. And when comrade Vedernikov and his team replaced Gusev, the construction of the sarcophagus had already begun. This centre was doing very extensive work on measuring radioactivity and the release of radioactivity, on wind transfer, on the dynamic conditions of various areas, and made a big contribution to the scientific research and practical plans of all this work done in Chernobyl. The next operation was applying a special layer to the already-cleared ground and concreting it. I invited two or three experienced journalists to it. Even Chernobyl was quite. And they expected that the fire could spread to the 3rd block and cause damage there as well as in reactor number 4. Among the giants, among the reactor people or the thermonuclear people, I was the smaller, so to say, proprietor. The question should be thought through in such a way that the understanding of safe nuclear energy is as wide as possible and not limited only to the question of creating a safe reactor. This was quite unexpected. "[11] Legasov's defenders counter this saying "Courage was not forgiven him, since it clearly marked the cowardice and ordinariness of others. And we even thought that it would partially evaporate, cool down in the higher area and then flow down again. There were very large gaps that could not hold the concrete, preventing it from hardening, and making it impossible to set up the base for the subsequent construction elements. The air force, the helicopter groups, worked very precisely. Accordingly, the Minister was called immediately, and all the listed experts who had to depart were summoned. [1] Legasov only spoke up to admit that scientists had failed in their duty[1] and that he had been warning about the safety problems of the RBMK reactor for years but nothing had been done. The provisional title of this article is The reasons that led to the Chernobyl accident and its consequences. Following the complex calculations about lead, Alexandrov, for example, couldnt understand my reasoning for a long time, why that lead was needed. I must say that all physicists, especially Viktor Alekseevich Sidorenko, felt that the conditions would only change for the worse, and insisted on the mandatory evacuation. Is Bulgaria, Kozloduy understanding everything, but it was still and silent filters to measure the and... 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